Tech Interview for Web Developers IMP interview questions

The following set was set in by a reader of the site:

Following are the questions from an interview I attended for in C#, ASP.NET, XML and Sql Server. I will try to add some more as soon as I recollect. Hope these questions will be useful for people attending interviews in this area.

1. What is the maximum length of a varchar field in SQL Server?

2. How do you define an integer in SQL Server?

3. How do you separate business logic while creating an ASP.NET application?

4. If there is a calendar control to be included in each page of your application, and we do not intend to use the Microsoft-provided calendar control, how do you develop it? Do you copy and paste the code into each and very page of your application?

5. How do you debug an ASP.NET application?

6. How do you deploy an ASP.NET application?

7. Name a few differences between .NET application and a Java application?

8. Specify the best ways to store variables so that we can access them in various pages of ASP.NET application?

9. What are the XML files that are important in developing an ASP.NET application?

10. What is XSLT and what is its use?

Web Designing, Oracle Interview and Java Latest / Recent Placement Paper questions and answers for programming / technical paper for leading IT Companies Infosys, Wipro, IBM, CISCO, Oracle, SAP, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, Microsoft, Ramco, Cognizant, Verizon, Cingular, IFlex Solutions Landran Chandigarh, Mohali, Delhi, bangalore, chennai, hyderabad, pune, kolkata, latest interview question papers with complete solutions submitted by real candidates and answered by experts. Keep watching out for 2007, 2008 and recent papers for all months - january, februrary, march, april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, december. Good luck for your papers!!

Data Warehousing Interview Questions 2008 IMP interview questions

1. What is source qualifier?

2. Difference between DSS & OLTP?

3. Explain grouped cross tab?

4. Hierarchy of DWH?

5. How many repositories can we create in Informatica?

6. What is surrogate key?

7. What is difference between Mapplet and reusable transformation?

8. What is aggregate awareness?

9. Explain reference cursor?

10. What are parallel querys and query hints?

11. DWH architecture?

12. What are cursors?

13. Advantages of de normalized data?

14. What is operational data source (ODS)?

15. What is meta data and system catalog?

16. What is factless fact schema?

17. What is confirmed dimension?

18. What is the capacity of power cube?

19. Difference between PowerPlay transformer and power play reports?

20. What is IQD file?

21. What is Cognos script editor?

22. What is difference macros and prompts?

23. What is power play plug in?

24. Which kind of index is preferred in DWH?

25. What is hash partition?

26. What is DTM session?

27. How can you define a transformation? What are different types of transformations in Informatica?

28. What is mapplet?

29. What is query panel?

30. What is a look up function? What is default transformation for the look up function?

31. What is difference between a connected look up and unconnected look up?

32. What is staging area?

33. What is data merging, data cleansing and sampling?

34. What is up date strategy and what are th options for update strategy?

35. OLAP architecture?

36. What is subject area?

37. Why do we use DSS database for OLAP tools?

Keep Watching out for more Data Warehousing Interview Questions for reputed internet giants / IT MNCs and web application developers interview. Also see our Oracle, Java, C, C++ Technical Interview Questions here with solutions for 2007 2008 all months january, february, march , april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, december detailed questions put forward by experts. Also see real candidate experiences in job interviews for freshers and on campus placement drives held at New delhi, noida, gurgaon, mumbai, bangalore, chennai, madurai, kolkata, chandigarh, mohali, landran, ludhiana, pune, etc for various university placement drives. Questions for reputed companies like Google, Yahoo, US Based internet companies, Infosys, Wipro, Satyam Computers, IBM, CISCO, etc. Keep watching http://thajava.blogspot.com/ for more interview solved questions for 2008.

SAP Interview Questions 2008 with solutions IMP interview questions

SAP Interview Questions

1.

What is ERP? - ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a target of integrating information across the company.
2.

Different types of ERP? - SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP?s most of the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of advantages aver other ERP packages.
3.

What is SAP? - SAP is the name of the company founded in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the leading ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package.

4.

Explain the concept of “Business Content” in SAP Business Information Warehouse? - Business Content is a pre-configured set of role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, mySAP.com Business Applications and other selected applications.
5.

Why do you usually choose to implement SAP? - There are number of technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy, max data consistency, you can capitalize on economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.
6.

Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation? - Certainly. You can run BW without R/3 implementation. You can use pre-defined business content in BW using your non-SAP data. Here you simply need to map the transfer structures associated with BW data sources (InfoCubes, ODS tables) to the inbound data files or use 3rd part tool to connect your flat files and other data sources and load data in BW. Several third party ETL products such as Acta, Infomatica, DataStage and others will have been certified to load data in BW.
7.

What is IDES? - International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation.
8.

What is WF and its importance? - Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is reduction in throughput times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are enhanced by its use.
9.

What is SAP R/3? - A third generation set of highly integrated software modules that performs common business function based on multinational leading practice. Takes care of any enterprise however diverse in operation, spread over the world. In R/3 system all the three servers like presentation, application server and database server are located at different system.
10.

What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3? - The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.
11.

What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? - Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the flat file into sap system called “sap data transfer”. Call transaction(Write the program explicitly) or create sessions (sessions are created and processed ,if success data will transfer).
12.

Explain open SQL vs native SQL? - ABAP Native SQL allows you to include database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. Most ABAP programs containing database-specific SQL statements do not run with different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute ABAP Native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC. Open SQL (Subset of standard SQL statements), allows you to access all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer. To avoid conflicts between database tables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL.
13.

What are datasets? - The sequential files (processed on application server) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.
14.

What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table? - Internal table: It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. Check table: Check table will be at field level checking. Value table: Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. Transparent table: - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields.
15.

What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3? Would it be sufficient just to Web-enable R/3 Reports? - Performance — Heavy reporting along with regular OLTP transactions can produce a lot of load both on the R/3 and the database (cpu, memory, disks, etc). Just take a look at the load put on your system during a month end, quarter end, or year-end — now imagine that occurring even more frequently. Data analysis — BW uses a Data Warehouse and OLAP concepts for storing and analyzing data, where R/3 was designed for transaction processing. With a lot of work you can get the same analysis out of R/3 but most likely would be easier from a BW.
16.

How can an ERP such as SAP help a business owner learn more about how business operates? - In order to use an ERP system, a
business person must understand the business processes and how they work together from one functional area to the other. This knowledge gives the student a much deeper understanding of how a business operates. Using SAP as a tool to learn about ERP systems will require that the
people understand the business processes and how they integrate.
17.

What is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining? - OLAP - On line Analytical processing is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema ,composition facts and dimensions . By simple point-n-clicking, a user can run any number of canned or user-designed reports without having to know anything of SQL or the schema. Because of that prior configuration, the OLAP engine “builds” and executes the appropriate SQL. Mining is to build the application to specifically look at detailed analyses, often algorithmic; even more often misappropriate called “reporting.
18.

What is ?Extended Star Schema? and how did it emerge? - The Star Schema consists of the Dimension Tables and the Fact Table. The Master Data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension table(s). These separate tables for master data is termed as the Extended Star Schema.
19.

Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data - Meta Data: Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data about data is known as Meta Data. Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time. It contains information that is always needed in the same way. Characteristics can bear master data in BW. With master data you are dealing with attributes, texts or hierarchies. Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data.
20.

Name some drawbacks of SAP - Interfaces are huge problem, Determine where master data resides, Expensive, very complex, demands highly trained staff, lengthy implementation time.
21.

What is Bex? - Bex stands for Business Explorer. Bex enables end user to locate reports, view reports, analyze information and can execute queries. The queries in workbook can be saved to there respective roles in the Bex browser. Bex has the following components: Bex Browser, Bex analyzer, Bex Map, Bex Web.
22.

What are variables? - Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are inserted into workbooks. There are different types of variables which are used in different application: Characteristics variables, Hierarchies and hierarchy node, Texts, Formulas, Processing types, User entry/Default type, Replacment Path.
23.

What is AWB?. What is its purpose? - AWB stands for Administrator WorkBench. AWB is a tool for controlling, monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information whearhousing.
24.

What is the significance of ODS in BIW? - An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level (atomic level). It describes a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with a BEx Query or InfoSet Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and/or other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables.
25.

What are the different types of source system? - SAP R/3 Source Systems, SAP BW, Flat Files and External Systems.
26.

What is Extractor? - Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets. The extractor may be able to supply data to more fields than exist in the extract structure.

SAP ABAP Interview Questions IMP interview questions

* Simple SAP ABAP questions
* What is the diffrence between watchpoint and breakpoint?
* How many watchpoints and breakpoints can be used in each program?
* Types of watchpoints and breakpoints?
* How do you transfer file from application server to SAP R/3 system?
* What is commit and rollback?
* Using BDC when uploading the data to database, what are all the fields that the table (BDCDATA) will display?

Keep Watching out for more SAP ABAP Interview Questions for 2008 for all leading IT Companies. Solutions / Answers in detail are provided with some questions and keep watching out for answers to all in future. The questions are for real SAP Interviews. You can also see the interview questions for Oracle, JAVA, C, C++, C Sharp, Networking, etc. here for free for leading Indian, US based companies IT MNCs for 2007 2008 here for freshers, campus job interview and placements.

Latest Networking Job Interview 2008 Questions IMP interview questions

Networking, Socket Programming, Inter-Process Communication

1.

User(s) are complaining of delays when using the network. What would you do?
2.

What are some of the problems associated with operating a switched LAN?
3.

Name some of the ways of combining TCP/IP traffic and SNA traffic over the same link.
4.

What sort of cabling is suitable for Fast Ethernet protocols?
5.

What is a Class D IP address?
6.

Why do I sometimes lose a server's address when using more than one server?
7.

What is Firewall?
8.

How do I monitor the activity of sockets?
9.

How would I put my socket in non-blocking mode?
10.

What are RAW sockets?
11.

What is the role of TCP protocol and IP protocol.
12.

What is UDP?
13.

How can I make my server a daemon?
14.

How should I choose a port number for my server?
15.

Layers in TCP/IP
16.

How can I be sure that a UDP message is received?
17.

How to get IP header of a UDP message
18.

Writing UDP/SOCK_DGRAM applications
19.

How many bytes in an IPX network address?
20.

What is the difference between MUTEX and Semaphore?
21.

What is priority inversion?
22.

Different Solutions to dining philosophers problem.
23.

What is a message queue?
24.

Questions on Shared Memory.
25.

What is DHCP?
26.

Working of ping, telnet, gopher.
27.

Can I connect two computers to internet using same line ?

Keep Watching out for more Networking Interview Questions for 2008 for all leading IT Companies. Solutions / Answers in detail are provided with some questions and keep watching out for answers to all in future. The questions are for Networking Interviews. You can also see the interview questions for Oracle, JAVA, C, C++, C Sharp, SAP, Unix Operating System, etc. here for free for leading Indian, US based companies IT MNCs for 2007 2008 here for freshers, campus job interview and placements.

Unix Linux Open Source OS Interview Questions IMP interview questions

Unix / Linux Operating System progamming Interview Questions
1.What is LILO?

LILO stands for Linux boot loader. It will load the MBR, master boot record, into the memory, and tell the system which partition and hard drive to boot from.

2.What is the main advantage of creating links to a file instead of copies of the file?

A: The main advantage is not really that it saves disk space (though it does that too) but, rather, that a change of permissions on the file is applied to all the link access points. The link will show permissions of lrwxrwxrwx but that is for the link itself and not the access to the file to which the link points. Thus if you want to change the permissions for a command, such as su, you only have to do it on the original. With copies you have to find all of the copies and change permission on each of the copies.

3.Write a command to find all of the files which have been accessed within the last 30 days.

find / -type f -atime -30 > December.files

This command will find all the files under root, which is ‘/’, with file type is file. ‘-atime -30′ will give all the files accessed less than 30 days ago. And the output will put into a file call December.files.

4.What is the most graceful way to get to run level single user mode?

A: The most graceful way is to use the command init s.
If you want to shut everything down before going to single user mode then do init 0 first and from the ok prompt do a boot -s.

5.What does the following command line produce? Explain each aspect of this line.

$ (date ; ps -ef awk ‘{print $1}’ sort uniq wc -l ) >> Activity.log

A: First let’s dissect the line: The date gives the date and time as the first command of the line, this is followed by the a list of all running processes in long form with UIDs listed first, this is the ps -ef. These are fed into the awk which filters out all but the UIDs; these UIDs are piped into sort for no discernible reason and then onto uniq (now we see the reason for the sort - uniq only works on sorted data - if the list is A, B, A, then A, B, A will be the output of uniq, but if it’s A, A, B then A, B is the output) which produces only one copy of each UID.

These UIDs are fed into wc -l which counts the lines - in this case the number of distinct UIDs running processes on the system. Finally the results of these two commands, the date and the wc -l, are appended to the file "Activity.log". Now to answer the question as to what this command line produces. This writes the date and time into the file Activity.log together with the number of distinct users who have processes running on the system at that time. If the file already exists, then these items are appended to the file, otherwise the file is created.

Open Source Linux Programming Interview Questions IMP interview questions

Unix and Linux Software programming Interview Questions 2008
1. What is the major advantage of a hash table? (Asked by Silicon Magic Corp. people) Answer: The major advantage of a hash table is its speed. Because the hash function is to take a range of key values and transform them into index values in such a way that the key values are distributed randomly across all the indices of a hash table.

2. What are the techniques that you use to handle the collisions in hash tables?(Asked by Silicon Magic Corp. people)

Answer: We can use two major techniques to handle the collisions. They are open addressing and separate chaining. In open addressing, data items that hash to a full array cell are placed in another cell in the array. In separate chaining, each array element consist of a linked list. All data items hashing to a given array index are inserted in that list.

3. In Unix OS, what is the file server? (Asked by Silicon Magic Corp. people)

Answer: The file server is a machine that shares its disk storage and files with other machines on the network.

4. What is NFS? What is its job?(Asked by Silicon Magic Corp. people)

Answer: NFS stands for Network File System. NFS enables filesystems physically residing on one computer system to be used by other computers in the network, appearing to users on the remote host as just another local disk.

5. What is CVS? List some useful CVS commands.(Asked by Silicon Magic Corp.people)

Anser: CVS is Concurrent Version System. It is the front end to the RCS revision control system which extends the notion of revision control from a collection of files in a single directory to a hierarchical collection of directories consisting of revision controlled files. These directories and files can be combined together to form a software release.
There are some useful commands that are being used very often. They are

cvs checkout
cvs update
cvs add
cvs remove
cvs commit

Unix and Linux Open source operating system latest solved interview questions with answers for 2007, 2008 are provided here for leading Open source software developers in India / USA / China / Europe. The open source software scores over the other products as it can be customized a lot and is mostly cheap or free. Governments and organisations all over the world are pushing for open source platforms to reduce IT Related Budgets and costs and for many other reasons. The various job interview questions for Linux, Unix related Software and web application developer organisations and companies' question papers with answers are given here totally free online. Good Luck! and keep watching PreviousPapers.blogspot.com

Unix SQL Data Mining Interview Questions asked latest IMP interview questions

Unix sysadmin interview questions

1. How would you make the following SQL statement run faster? SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE COL1=’A’ AND COL2=’B';
A: Make sure that COL1 and COL2 have indexes.
Find out which condition will return less values and use that as the first conditonal.

2. What is Data Mining
A: Data Minig is the process of sifting through extremeley large amounts of Data to find trends or relevent information.

3. Name the Seven layers in the OSI Model.
A: Appication, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Phyiscal

4. What is one way to view a unix network share on a Windows computer, within explorer
A: NFS, The Unix computer can be running a NFS Server Daemon.

5. How would you find all the processes running on your computer.
A: Unix, is ps -ef or ps -aux depending on version.

6. What is DHCP
A: DHCP is a way to dynamically assign IP address to computers. Dyanmic Host Configuration Protocol

7. What is HTTP Tunneling
A: HTTP Tunneling is a security method that encryptes packets traveling throught the internet. Only the intended reciepent should be able to decrypt the packets. Can be used to Create Virtual Private Networks. (VPN)

8. Scenario: You have 9 identical looking balls, however one ball is heavier than the others. You have two chances to use a balance. How do you find out which ball is the heaviest?
A: Split into groups of three, randomly choose two groups and use balance on them. If one group is heavier, then discard the other 6 balls. If the two groups are the same weight. The heavier ball must be in the group that was not on the scale. Now randomly choose two balls and test on balance. If they are the same weight, the heaviest ball is on one that was not tested. Else the heaviest ball is already known from the balance

Linux Admin Technical Interview Questions IMP interview questions

Interview questions for Linux admin

1.

Advantages/disadvantages of script vs compiled program.
2.

Name a replacement for PHP/Perl/MySQL/Linux/Apache and show main differences.

3.

Why have you choosen such a combination of products?
4.

Differences between two last MySQL versions. Which one would you choose and when/why?
5.

Main differences between Apache 1.x and 2.x. Why is 2.x not so popular? Which one would you choose and when/why?
6.

Which Linux distros do you have experience with?
7.

Which distro you prefer? Why?
8.

Which tool would you use to update Debian / Slackware / RedHat / Mandrake / SuSE ?
9.

You’re asked to write an Apache module. What would you do?
10.

Which tool do you prefer for Apache log reports?
11.

Your portfolio. (even a PHP guest book may work well)
12.

What does ‘route’ command do?
13.

Differences between ipchains and iptables.
14.

What’s eth0, ppp0, wlan0, ttyS0, etc.
15.

What are different directories in / for?
16.

Partitioning scheme for new webserver. Why?


Keep Watching out for more Networking Interview Questions for 2008 for all leading IT Companies. Solutions / Answers in detail are provided with some questions and keep watching out for answers to all in future. The questions are for Networking Interviews. You can also see the interview questions for Oracle, JAVA, C, C++, C Sharp, SAP, Unix Operating System, etc. here for free for leading Indian, US based companies IT MNCs for 2007 2008 here for freshers, campus job interview and placements.

Keep watching for more IT Companies Interview Questions and Placement Papers. See More Latest IT Companies Placement Question Papers for campus placements in India and walkin interviews for freshers. See 2007 and 2008 placement paper recent aptitude, technical, database, programming, dbms, C, testing, reasoning questions only on previouspapers.blogspot.com

Software Testing Job Interview 2008 Questions IMP interview questions

Software tester (SQA) interview questions

These questions are used for software tester or SQA (Software Quality Assurance) positions.

1.

The top management was feeling that when there are any changes in the technology being used, development schedules etc, it was a waste of time to update the Test Plan. Instead, they were emphasizing that you should put your time into testing than working on the test plan. Your Project Manager asked for your opinion. You have argued that Test Plan is very important and you need to update your test plan from time to time. It’s not a waste of time and testing activities would be more effective when you have your plan clear. Use some metrics. How you would support your argument to have the test plan consistently updated all the time.

2.

The QAI is starting a project to put the CSTE certification online. They will use an automated process for recording candidate information, scheduling candidates for exams, keeping track of results and sending out certificates. Write a brief test plan for this new project.
3.

The project had a very high cost of testing. After going in detail, someone found out that the testers are spending their time on software that doesn’t have too many defects. How will you make sure that this is correct?
4.

What are the disadvantages of overtesting?
5.

What happens to the test plan if the application has a functionality not mentioned in the requirements?
6.

You are given two scenarios to test. Scenario 1 has only one terminal for entry and processing whereas scenario 2 has several terminals where the data input can be made. Assuming that the processing work is the same, what would be the specific tests that you would perform in Scenario 2, which you would not carry on Scenario 1?
7.

Your customer does not have experience in writing Acceptance Test Plan. How will you do that in coordination with customer? What will be the contents of Acceptance Test Plan?
8.

How do you know when to stop testing?
9.

What can you do if the requirements are changing continuously?
10.

What is the need for Test Planning?
11.

What are the various status reports you will generate to Developers and Senior Management?
12.

Define and explain any three aspects of code review?
13.

Why do you need test planning?
14.

Explain 5 risks in an e-commerce project. Identify the personnel that must be involved in the risk analysis of a project and describe their duties. How will you prioritize the risks?
15.

What are the various status reports that you need generate for Developers and Senior Management?
16.

You have been asked to design a Defect Tracking system. Think about the fields you would specify in the defect tracking system?
17.

Write a sample Test Policy?
18.

Explain the various types of testing after arranging them in a chronological order?
19.

Explain what test tools you will need for client-server testing and why?
20.

Explain what test tools you will need for Web app testing and why?
21.

Explain pros and cons of testing done development team and testing by an independent team?
22.

Differentiate Validation and Verification?
23.

Explain Stress, Load and Performance testing?
24.

Describe automated capture/playback tools and list their benefits?
25.

How can software QA processes be implemented without stifling productivity?
26.

How is testing affected by object-oriented designs?
27.

What is extreme programming and what does it have to do with testing?
28.

Write a test transaction for a scenario where 6.2% of tax deduction for the first $62,000 of income has to be done?
29.

What would be the Test Objective for Unit Testing? What are the quality measurements to assure that unit testing is complete?
30.

Prepare a checklist for the developers on Unit Testing before the application comes to testing department.
31.

Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for developers to determine project status.
32.

Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for users and management to determine project status.
33.

What 3 tools would you purchase for your company for use in testing? Justify the need?
34.

Put the following concepts, put them in order, and provide a brief description of each:
*

system testing
*

acceptance testing
*

unit testing
*

integration testing
*

benefits realization testing
35.

What are two primary goals of testing?
36.

If your company is going to conduct a review meeting, who should be on the review committe and why?
37.

Write any three attributes which will impact the Testing Process?
38.

What activity is done in Acceptance Testing, which is not done in System testing?
39.

You are a tester for testing a large system. The system data model is very large with many attributes and there are a lot of inter-dependencies within the fields. What steps would you use to test the system and also what are the effects of the steps you have taken on the test plan?
40.

Explain and provide examples for the following black box techniques?
*

Boundary Value testing
*

Equivalence testing
*

Error Guessing
41.

What are the product standards for?
*

Test Plan
*

Test Script and Test Report
42.

You are the test manager starting on system testing. The development team says that due to a change in the requirements, they will be able to deliver the system for SQA 5 days past the deadline. You cannot change the resources (work hours, days, or test tools). What steps will you take to be able to finish the testing in time?
43.

Your company is about to roll out an e-commerce application. It’s not possible to test the application on all types of browsers on all platforms and operating systems. What steps would you take in the testing environment to reduce the business risks and commercial risks?
44.

In your organization, testers are delivering code for system testing without performing unit testing. Give an example of test policy:
*

Policy statement
*

Methodology
*

Measurement
45.

Testers in your organization are performing tests on the deliverables even after significant defects have been found. This has resulted in unnecessary testing of little value, because re-testing needs to be done after defects have been rectified. You are going to update the test plan with recommendations on when to halt testing. Wwhat recommendations are you going to make?
46.

How do you measure:
*

Test Effectiveness
*

Test Efficiency
47.

You found out the senior testers are making more mistakes then junior testers; you need to communicate this aspect to the senior tester. Also, you don’t want to lose this tester. How should one go about constructive criticism?
48.

You are assigned to be the test lead for a new program that will automate take-offs and landings at an airport. How would you write a test strategy for this new program?

See more Latest and previous Software testing Interview questions asked in technical interviews for 2007, 2008 january, february, march, april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, december for leading IT Companies in India, USA, UK, Norway, China. Reputed MNCs testing job interview questions for Wipro, Infosys, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, Keane, Flextronics, Accenture, Cognizant, T Systems, SAP, Oracle, Texas Instruments, Quark, BPO, ITES companies, freshers and on campus interview held in delhi, mumbai, bangalore, chennai, madurai, noida, gurgaon, chandigarh, mohali, pune, hyderabad, etc. latest reasoning, multiple choice questions and most recently asked / important testing interview, java, oracle, c, c++, networking, web designing, etc. questions. Keep Watching Previouspapers.blogspot.com for more stuff!

Software Testing technical Round Interview Questions IMP interview questions

Software tester interview questions

The questions were asked by Lucent Technologies for Software Tester (in some companies SQA - Software Quality Assurance) position.

1.

What programming language are you using?
2.

What C++ libraries are you proficient with?

3.

Which argorithm do you like the most? Why?
4.

How do you debug SSH?
5.

What is the QA process?
6.

How do you train another QA engineer?
7.

What bug tracking tools you have used? Have you used any free tools?
8.

How do you start your QA if there are no system requirements?
9.

Have you used MSVC? What do you think of it?
10.

There are 3 lights (in one room) and 3 swtiches (in another room), one for each, if you only enter into the light room once. How can you find out which switch corresponds to which light?
11.

What is your weakness?
12.

Why do you think you are suited for this job?
13.

If there is a day, when you find yourself not fitting in our team, what will you do?
14.

What makes you think you are qualified for this job?
15.

Do you like music? Which composers are your favourite?
16.

What kind of PC games you like most? Why?
17.

Are you familiar with collboration tools? Which communication method do you prefer for talk, email and chat?
18.

When will you be available to start work?
19.

What security tools have you used?
20.

Tell me about yourself.
21.

Tell me about your experience with this type of work
22.

What do you like and dislike about our company?
23.

Why do you want to work for us?
24.

What should we hire you? What can you do for us? What can you do that others can not?
25.

What is the job’s most attractive and least attractive factor?
26.

What do you look for in a job?
27.

Please give me your definition of software test engineer.
28.

How long whould it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our firm?
29.

How long would you stay with us?
30.

Are you thinking of going back to school or college?
31.

What kind of programs/machines or equipment have you worked with?
32.

You may be overqualified for this position we have to offer.
33.

Give me an example of a project you handled from start to finish.
34.

What was your last employer’s opinion of you?
35.

Can you work under pressure, deadline etc?
36.

Do you have any questions?
37.

What is it you liked and disliked about your last job?

See more programming and technical round questions for leading companies like Wipro, Infosys, Satyam Computers, TCS, HCL, Iflex, Mastek, Patni Computer Systems PCS, CMC, Tata Infotech, Aditi, Birlasoft, Tech Mahindra, Zenith, DRDO 2008 recent questions, etc. All the free detailed online stuff only on PreviousPapers.blogspot.com

Software Integration Interview Questions asked IMP interview questions

System integration questions

This set arrived from a system integration shop.

1.

What is EAI? What are the tools are used? - EAI is Enterprise Application Integration. Tools used are: WebSphere ICS, WebSphere MQ series, WebSphere Application Server, Tibco, Seebeyond, Vitria etc.
2.

What is Integration? - Integration is nothing but integrating different applications softwares like SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Seibel etc. which belongs to different vendors.

3.

How do I connect diferent software which belongs to different vendors? - There is an adapter for each application which helps to interact respective application with the integration broker.
4.

On which techology is integration broker built? - Usually the brokers like WebSphere ICS,WAS are built on J2EE technology

See more Technical / HR Questions asked in recent 2008 programming interviews of leading IT / ITES / BPO / KPO MNCs with detailed solutions by our experts only on Previouspapers.blogspot.com Good Luck for your placement papers!

Windows Code Security Questions with Answers IMP interview questions

Windows code security questions

1.

What’s the difference between code-based security and role-based security? Which one is better? Code security is the approach of using permissions and permission sets for a given code to run. The admin, for example, can disable running executables off the Internet or restrict access to corporate database to only few applications. Role-based security most of the time involves the code running with the privileges of the current user. This way the code cannot supposedly do more harm than mess up a single user account. There’s no better, or 100% thumbs-up approach, depending on the nature of deployment, both code-based and role-based security could be implemented to an extent.

2.

How can you work with permissions from your .NET application? You can request permission to do something and you can demand certain permissions from other apps. You can also refuse permissions so that your app is not inadvertently used to destroy some data.
3.

How can C# app request minimum permissions?

using System.Security.Permissions;
[assembly:FileDialogPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.RequestMinimum, Unrestricted=true)]

4.

What’s a code group? A code group is a set of assemblies that share a security context.
5.

What’s the difference between authentication and authorization? Authentication happens first. You verify user’s identity based on credentials. Authorization is making sure the user only gets access to the resources he has credentials for.
6.

What are the authentication modes in ASP.NET? None, Windows, Forms and Passport.
7.

Are the actual permissions for the application defined at run-time or compile-time? The CLR computes actual permissions at runtime based on code group membership and the calling chain of the code.

Windows Admin Technical Interview Questions IMP interview questions

1.

Describe how the DHCP lease is obtained. It’s a four-step process consisting of (a) IP request, (b) IP offer, © IP selection and (d) acknowledgement.

2.

I can’t seem to access the Internet, don’t have any access to the corporate network and on ipconfig my address is 169.254.*.*. What happened? The 169.254.*.* netmask is assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the DHCP server is not available. The name for the technology is APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing).
3.

We’ve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server, however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP leases off of it. The server must be authorized first with the Active Directory.
4.

How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if you have access to the client PC? ipconfig /release
5.

What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers have for remote clients? PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and EAP.
6.

What are the networking protocol options for the Windows clients if for some reason you do not want to use TCP/IP? NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple).
7.

What is data link layer in the OSI reference model responsible for? Data link layer is located above the physical layer, but below the network layer. Taking raw data bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be responsible for addressing the frames, while the physical layer is reponsible for retrieving and sending raw data bits.
8.

What is binding order? The order by which the network protocols are used for client-server communications. The most frequently used protocols should be at the top.
9.

How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of data transferred across the network? Each IP packet is assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on both receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or corrupted.
10.

Should we deploy IPSEC-based security or certificate-based security? They are really two different technologies. IPSec secures the TCP/IP communication and protects the integrity of the packets. Certificate-based security ensures the validity of authenticated clients and servers.
11.

What is LMHOSTS file? It’s a file stored on a host machine that is used to resolve NetBIOS to specific IP addresses.
12.

What’s the difference between forward lookup and reverse lookup in DNS? Forward lookup is name-to-address, the reverse lookup is address-to-name.
13.

How can you recover a file encrypted using EFS? Use the domain recovery agent.

Microsoft Win32 Interview Questions Recent 2008 IMP interview questions

1.

Tell the differences between Windows 95 and Windows NT? Lack of Unicode implementation for most of the functions of Win95. Different extended error codes. Different number window and menu handles. Windows 95 implements some window management features in 16 bits. Windows 95 uses 16-bit world coordinate system and the coordinates restricted to 32K. Deletion of drawing objects is different. Windows 95 does not implement print monitor DLLs of Windows NT. Differences in registry. Windows 95 does not support multiprocessor computers. NT implementation of scheduler is quite different. Different driver models. Win95 was built with back-compatibility in mind and ill-behaving 16-bit process may easily corrupt the system. Win95 starts from real DOS, while WinNT uses DOS emulation when one needs a DOS. Win95’s FAT is built over 16-bit win3.1 FAT (not FAT32!, actually, Win95’s FAT contains two FATs).
2.

What is the effective way of DIB files management? A: Memory-mapped file is the best choice for device-independent bitmaps. MMF allows to map the file to RAM/SWAP addresses and to let Windows handle all load/unload operations for the file.
3.

What should you be aware of if you design a program that runs days/weeks/months/years? A: When your program should run for a long time, you should be careful about heap allocations, because if you use new/delete intensively in your application, the memory becomes highly fragmented with a time. It is better to allocate all necessary memory in this case that many times small blocks. You should be especially careful about CString class which allocates permanent DLL
4.

What are the advantages of using DLL’s? DLLs are run-time modular. DLL is loaded when the program needs it. Used as a code sharing between executables.
5.

What are the different types of DLL’s? A: Extension, Regular and pure Win32 DLL (without MFC)
6.

What are the differences between a User DLL and an MFC Extension DLL? A: Extension DLL supports a C++ interface, i.e. can export whole C++ classes and the client may construct objects from them. Extension DLL dynamically links to MFC DLLs (those which name starts with MFC??.DLL) and to be synchronous with the version it was developed for. Extension DLL is usually small (simple extension DLL might be around 10K) Regular DLL can be loaded by any Win32 environment (e.g. VB 5) Big restriction is that regular DLL may export only C-style functions. Regular DLLs are generally larger. When you build a regular DLL, you may choose a static link (in this case MFC library code is copied to your DLL) and dynamic (in this case you would need MFC DLLs to be presented on the target machine)
7.

What do you have to do when you inherit from two CObject-based classes? A: First of all, this is a bad idea does not matter what tells you interviewer. Secondly, if you forced to use condemned rhombus structure, read Technical Note 16 in MSDN, which discusses why MFC does not support multiple inheritance and what to do in case you still need it (there are a few problems with CObject class, such as incorrect information, returned by IsKindOf() of CObject for MI, etc.)
8.

What are the additional requirements for inheritance from CWnd-based classes? A: Again, this is the bad idea. Try to find alternative solution. Anyway, if you have to multiply inherit from CWnd-based class, the following are additional requirements to the above conditions (again, this is extremely bad question for interview!!!): There must be only one CWnd-derived base class. The CWnd-derived base class must be the first (or left-most) base class.
9.

What is a "mutex"? A: Mutexes are the mechanism of process synchronization that might be used to synchronize data across multiple processes. Mutex is a waitable object while a critical section is not. Mutexes are significantly slower than critical sections.
10.

What’s the difference between a "mutex" and a "critical section"? Critical section provides synchronization means for one process only, while mutexes allow data synchronization across processes.
11.

What might be wrong with the following pseudo-code:
FUNCTION F
BEGIN
INT I=2
DO
I = I + 1
IF I = 4 THEN BREAK
END DO
END
A:This code is not thread safe. Suppose one thread increments I to 3 and then returns to the beginning of DO statement. Then it increments I to 4 and now context switch happens. Second thread increments I to 5. From this moment the code shown will execute forever until some external force intervention. Solution is obviously using some synchronization object to protect I from being changed by more than one thread.
12.

What is a deadlock ? A: A deadlock, very simply, is a condition in which two or more threads wait for each other to release a shared resource before resuming their execution. Because all threads participating in a deadlock are suspended and cannot, therefore, release the resources they own, no thread can continue, and the entire application (or, worse, more than one application if the resources are shared between threads in multiple applications) appears to hang.
13.

How can we create thread in MFC framework? A: Using AfxBeginThread.
14.

What types of threads are supported by MFC framework? A: Working thread and windows thread. Working thread usually does not have a user interface and easier to use. Windows thread has an user interface and usually used to improve responsiveness of the user input. Message Map
15.

When ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI is called? (message may vary) A: When a user of your application pulls down a menu, each menu item needs to know whether it should be displayed as enabled or disabled. The target of a menu command provides this information by implementing an ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler.
16.

What is a "hook"? A: A point in the Windows message-handling mechanism where an application can install a subroutine to monitor messages. You need hooks to implement your own Windows message filter.
17.

What are the difference between MFC Exception macros and C++ exception keywords? A:Actually, MFC macros may accept exception of only CException class or class, derived from CException, where as C++ exception mechanism accepts exception of ANY type Reusable Control Class
18.

How would you set the background of an edit control to a customized color? A: You have several choices, but the simplest one is subclassing. Kruglinski in his "Inside Visual C++" describes pretty well this process. Generally, you derive the class from none control class, override the messages you want (like WM_CTLCOLOR) and then in init function like OnInitialUpdate of CDialog, subclass the control with SubclassDlgItem().
19.

What is Message Reflection? How could you accomplish the above task using message reflection? A: See Technical Note 62 of MSDN. Usually, message is handled in the parent class that means you have to override message handler for each parent. Sometimes it is nice to handle a message in the control itself, without parent invocation. Such handling mechanism is called message reflection. Control "reflects" message to itself and then processes it. Use ON__REFLECT macro to create a reflected message.
20.

What is the command routing in MFC framework? A: CView => CDocument => CFrameWnd => CWinApp
21.

What’s the purpose of CView class? CDocument class? What are relationships between them? A: The CView class provides the basic functionality for user-defined view classes. A view is attached to a document and acts as an intermediary between the document and the user: the view renders an image of the document on the screen or printer and interprets user input as operations upon the document. The CDocument class provides the basic functionality for user-defined document classes. A document represents the unit of data that the user typically opens with the File Open command and saves with the File Save command. Users interact with a document through the CView object(s) associated with it. A view is a child of a frame window. The relationship between a view class, a frame window class, and a document class is established by a CDocTemplate object. A view can be attached to only one document, but a document can have multiple views attached to it at once.
22.

What class is responsible for document template in MDI application? A: CMultiDocTemplate.
23.

What function must be used to add document template? A: AddDocTemplate.
24.

What the main objects are created for SDI and MDI applications? A: CWinApp - application object. For MDI application with New document implementation CDocTemplate, CDocument, CView, CMainFrame. If your application is SDI, your CMainFrame class is derived from class CFrameWnd. If your application is MDI, CMainFrame is derived from class CMDIFrameWnd. For MDI application CMDIChildWindow is also created.
25.

We have a loop for 800,000. It fails on 756,322. How can we get the information before it fails? A: You could think of several way to debug this: Set the condition in debugger to stop when loop is passed around 756321 times. Throw an exception within a loop (may be not the best idea since exception does not show you the exact location of the fail. Create a log file and to put detailed information within a loop.
26.

Our Debug version works fine, but Release fails. What should be done? A: There are four differences between debug and release builds:
*

heap layout (you may have heap overwrite in release mode - this will cause 90% of all problems),
*

compilation (check conditional compilation statements, assertion functions etc.),
*

pointer support (no padding in release mode which may increase chances of a pointer to point into sky)
*

optimization.

See more Latest and previous Software testing Interview questions asked in technical interviews for 2007, 2008 january, february, march, april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, december for leading IT Companies in India, USA, UK, Norway, China. Reputed MNCs testing job interview questions for Wipro, Infosys, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, Keane, Flextronics, Accenture, Cognizant, T Systems, SAP, Oracle, Texas Instruments, Quark, BPO, ITES companies, freshers and on campus interview held in delhi, mumbai, bangalore, chennai, madurai, noida, gurgaon, chandigarh, mohali, pune, hyderabad, etc. latest reasoning, multiple choice questions and most recently asked / important testing interview, java, oracle, c, c++, networking, web designing, etc. questions. Keep Watching Previouspapers.blogspot.com for more stuff!

Windows 2000 Admin Questions IMP interview questions

Microsoft Windows 2000 Administration Questions

1.

Explain hidden shares. Hidden or administrative shares are share names with a dollar sign ($) appended to their names. Administrative shares are usually created automatically for the root of each drive letter. They do not display in the network browse list.
2.

How do the permissions work in Windows 2000? What permissions does folder inherit from the parent? When you combine NTFS permissions based on users and their group memberships, the least restrictive permissions take precedence. However, explicit Deny entries always override Allow entries.
3.

Why can’t I encrypt a compressed file on Windows 2000? You can either compress it or encrypt it, but not both.
4.

If I rename an account, what must I do to make sure the renamed account has the same permissions as the original one? Nothing, it’s all maintained automatically.
5.

What’s the most powerful group on a Windows system? Administrators.
6.

What are the accessibility features in Windows 2000? StickyKeys, FilterKeys Narrator, Magnifier, and On-Screen Keyboard.
7.

Why can’t I get to the Fax Service Management console? You can only see it if a fax had been installed.
8.

What do I need to ensure before deploying an application via a Group Policy? Make sure it’s either an MSI file, or contains a ZAP file for Group Policy.
9.

How do you configure mandatory profiles? Rename ntuser.dat to ntuser.man
10.

I can’t get multiple displays to work in Windows 2000. Multiple displays have to use peripheral connection interface (PCI) or Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) port devices to work properly with Windows 2000.
11.

What’s a maximum number of processors Win2k supports? 2
12.

I had some NTFS volumes under my Windows NT installation. What happened to NTFS after Win 2k installation? It got upgraded to NTFS 5.
13.

How do you convert a drive from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS from the command line? convert c: /fs:ntfs
14.

Explain APIPA. Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA) takes effect on Windows 2000 Professional computers if no DHCP server can be contacted. APIPA assigns the computer an IP address within the range of 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.254 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
15.

How does Internet Connection Sharing work on Windows 2000? Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) uses the DHCP Allocator service to assign dynamic IP addresses to clients on the LAN within the range of 192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254. In addition, the DNS Proxy service becomes enabled when you implement ICS.

See more recent and previous years Technical Interview Microsoft Windows 2000 Admin Questions for 2008 latest free online. Dowload free interview questions pages here with solutions / answers. ALso see latest HR interview Questions for leading indian IT companies like Infosys, Wipro, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, etc. detailed preparation materials.

SAS Interview Questions IMP interview questions

Advanced SAS Interview Questions

1.

Describe the types of SAS programming tasks that you performed: Tables? Listings? Graphics? Ad hoc reports? Other?
2.

Have you been involved in editing the data or writing data queries?
3.

What techniques and/or PROCs do you use for tables?
4.

Do you prefer PROC REPORT or PROC TABULATE? Why?

5.

Are you involved in writing the inferential analysis plan? Tables specifications?
6.

What do you feel about hardcoding?
7.

How experienced are you with customized reporting and use of DATA _NULL_ features?
8.

How do you write a test plan?
9.

What is the difference between verification and validation?
10.

What was the last computer book you purchased? Why?
11.

What is your favorite all time computer book? Why?
12.

Will it bother you if the guy at the next desk times the frequency and duration of your bathroom/coffee breaks on the grounds that ‘you are getting paid twice as much as he is’?
13.

How will you react when, while consulting a SAS documentation manual to get an answer to a problem, someone says: ‘hey, I thought you were supposed to know all that stuff already, and not have to look it up in a book!’
14.

Can you continue to write code while the rest of the people on the floor where you work have a noisy party to which you were not invited?
15.

Can you start on Monday?
16.

Do you think professionally?
17.

How do you put a giraffe into the refrigerator? Correct answer: Open the refrigerator door, put the giraffe in, and close the door. This question tests whether or not the candidate is doing simple things in a complicated way.
18.

How do you put an elephant in the refrigerator? Incorrect answer: Open the refrigerator door, put in the elephant, and close the door. Correct answer: Open the refrigerator door, take out the giraffe, put in the elephant, and close the door. This question tests your foresight.
19.

The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the animals in the world attend except one. Which animal does not attend? Correct answer: The elephant. The elephant is in the refrigerator, remember? This tests if you are capable of comprehensive thinking.
20.

There is a river notoriously known for it’s large crocodile population. With ease, how do you safely cross it? Correct answer: Simply swim across. All of the crocodiles are attending the Lion King’s animal conference. This questions your reasoning ability.
21.

Describe a time when you were really stuck on a problem and how you solved it.
22.

Describe the function and utility of the most difficult SAS macro that you have written.
23.

Give me an example of ..
24.

Tell me how you dealt with …
25.

How do handle working under pressure?
26.

Of all your work, where have you been the most successful?
27.

What are the best/worst aspects of your current job?
28.

If you could design your ideal job, what would it look like?
29.

How necessary is it to be creative in your work?
30.

If money were no object, what would you like to do?
31.

What would you change about your job?

SAS - Advanced and commonly asked important technical / programming interview questions for leading technology companies in India and MNCs. Also see IT Companies HR Interview Questions recently asked in year 2007, 2008. See PreviousPapers.blogspot.com for more detailed interview questions with solutions..

SAS Interview Questions 2 IMP interview questions

Basic SAS Interview Questions

What is the effect of the OPTIONS statement ERRORS=1?
What’s the difference between VAR A1 - A4 and VAR A1 — A4?
What do the SAS log messages "numeric values have been converted to character" mean? What are the implications?
Why is a STOP statement needed for the POINT= option on a SET statement?
How do you control the number of observations and/or variables read or written?
Approximately what date is represented by the SAS date value of 730?
How would you remove a format that has been permanently associated with a variable??
What does the RUN statement do?
Why is SAS considered self-documenting?
What areas of SAS are you most interested in?
Briefly describe 5 ways to do a "table lookup" in SAS.
What versions of SAS have you used (on which platforms)?
What are some good SAS programming practices for processing very large data sets?
What are some problems you might encounter in processing missing values? In Data steps? Arithmetic? Comparisons? Functions? Classifying data?
How would you create a data set with 1 observation and 30 variables from a data set with 30 observations and 1 variable?
What is the different between functions and PROCs that calculate the same simple descriptive statistics?
If you were told to create many records from one record, show how you would do this using arrays and with PROC TRANSPOSE?
What are _numeric_ and _character_ and what do they do?
How would you create multiple observations from a single observation?
For what purpose would you use the RETAIN statement?
What is a method for assigning first.VAR and last.VAR to the BY group variable on unsorted data?
What is the order of application for output data set options, input data set options and SAS statements?
What is the order of evaluation of the comparison operators: + - * / ** ( ) ?
How could you generate test data with no input data?
How do you debug and test your SAS programs?
What can you learn from the SAS log when debugging?
What is the purpose of _error_?
How can you put a "trace" in your program?
Are you sensitive to code walk-throughs, peer review, or QC review?
Have you ever used the SAS Debugger?
What other SAS features do you use for error trapping and data validation?
How does SAS handle missing values in: assignment statements, functions, a merge, an update, sort order, formats, PROCs?
How many missing values are available? When might you use them?
How do you test for missing values?
How are numeric and character missing values represented internally?

SAS Expert Interview Questions 3 IMP interview questions

1.

What has been your most common programming mistake?
2.

What is your favorite programming language and why?
3.

What is your favorite operating system? Why?
4.

Do you observe any coding standards? What is your opinion of them?

5.

What percent of your program code is usually original and what percent copied and modified?
6.

Have you ever had to follow SOPs or programming guidelines?
7.

Which is worse: not testing your programs or not commenting your programs?
8.

Name several ways to achieve efficiency in your program. Explain trade-offs.
9.

What other SAS products have you used and consider yourself proficient in using?
10.

How do you make use of functions?
11.

When looking for contained in a character string of 150 bytes, which function is the best to locate that data: scan, index, or indexc?
12.

What is the significance of the ‘OF’ in X=SUM(OF a1-a4, a6, a9);?
13.

What do the PUT and INPUT functions do?
14.

Which date function advances a date, time or date/time value by a given interval?
15.

What do the MOD and INT function do?
16.

How might you use MOD and INT on numerics to mimic SUBSTR on character strings?
17.

In ARRAY processing, what does the DIM function do?
18.

How would you determine the number of missing or nonmissing values in computations?
19.

What is the difference between: x=a+b+c+d; and x=SUM(a,b,c,d);?
20.

There is a field containing a date. It needs to be displayed in the format “ddmonyy” if it’s before 1975, “dd mon ccyy” if it’s after 1985, and as ‘Disco Years’ if it’s between 1975 and 1985. How would you accomplish this in data step code? Using only PROC FORMAT.
21.

In the following DATA step, what is needed for ‘fraction’ to print to the log? data _null_; x=1/3; if x=.3333 then put ‘fraction’; run;
22.

What is the difference between calculating the ‘mean’ using the mean function and PROC MEANS?
23.

Have you ever used “Proc Merge”? (be prepared for surprising answers..)
24.

If you were given several SAS data sets you were unfamiliar with, how would you find out the variable names and formats of each dataset?
25.

What SAS PROCs have you used and consider yourself proficient in using?
26.

How would you keep SAS from overlaying the a SAS set with its sorted version?
27.

In PROC PRINT, can you print only variables that begin with the letter “A”?
28.

What are some differences between PROC SUMMARY and PROC MEANS?
29.

Code the tables statement for a single-level (most common) frequency.
30.

Code the tables statement to produce a multi-level frequency.
31.

Name the option to produce a frequency line items rather that a table.
32.

Produce output from a frequency. Restrict the printing of the table.
33.

Code a PROC MEANS that shows both summed and averaged output of the data.
34.

Code the option that will allow MEANS to include missing numeric data to be included in the report.
35.

Code the MEANS to produce output to be used later.
36.

Do you use PROC REPORT or PROC TABULATE? Which do you prefer? Explain.
37.

What happens in a one-on-one merge? When would you use one?
38.

How would you combine 3 or more tables with different structures?
39.

What is a problem with merging two data sets that have variables with the same name but different data?
40.

When would you choose to MERGE two data sets together and when would you SET two data sets?
41.

Which data set is the controlling data set in the MERGE statement?
42.

How do the IN= variables improve the capability of a MERGE?
43.

Explain the message ‘MERGE HAS ONE OR MORE DATASETS WITH REPEATS OF BY VARIABLES”.
44.

How would you generate 1000 observations from a normal distribution with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 20. How would you use PROC CHART to look at the distribution? Describe the shape of the distribution.
45.

How do you generate random samples?
46.

What is the purpose of the statement DATA _NULL_ ;?
47.

What is the pound sign used for in the DATA _NULL_?
48.

What would you use the trailing @ sign for?
49.

For what purpose(s) would you use the RETURN statement?
50.

How would you determine how far down on a page you have printed in order to print out footnotes?
51.

What is the purpose of using the N=PS option?
52.

What system options would you use to help debug a macro?
53.

Describe how you would create a macro variable.
54.

How do you identify a macro variable?
55.

How do you define the end of a macro?
56.

How do you assign a macro variable to a SAS variable?
57.

For what purposes have you used SAS macros?
58.

What is the difference between %LOCAL and %GLOBAL?
59.

How long can a macro variable be? A token?
60.

If you use a SYMPUT in a DATA step, when and where can you use the macro variable?
61.

What do you code to create a macro? End one?
62.

Describe how you would pass data to a macro.
63.

You have five data sets that need to be processed identically; how would you simplify that processing with a macro?
64.

How would you code a macro statement to produce information on the SAS log? This statement can be coded anywhere.
65.

How do you add a number to a macro variable?
66.

If you need the value of a variable rather than the variable itself, what would you use to load the value to a macro variable?
67.

Can you execute a macro within a macro? Describe.
68.

Can you a macro within another macro? If so, how would SAS know where the current macro ended and the new one began?
69.

How are parameters passed to a macro?

SAS Interview Questions 2008 - 4 IMP interview questions

1.

What SAS statements would you code to read an external raw data file to a DATA step?
2.

How do you read in the variables that you need?
3.

Are you familiar with special input delimiters? How are they used?

4.

If reading a variable length file with fixed input, how would you prevent SAS from reading the next record if the last variable didn?t have a value?
5.

What is the difference between an informat and a format? Name three informats or formats.
6.

Name and describe three SAS functions that you have used, if any?
7.

How would you code the criteria to restrict the output to be produced?
8.

What is the purpose of the trailing @? The @@? How would you use them?
9.

Under what circumstances would you code a SELECT construct instead of IF statements?
10.

What statement do you code to tell SAS that it is to write to an external file? What statement do you code to write the record to the file?
11.

If reading an external file to produce an external file, what is the shortcut to write that record without coding every single variable on the record?
12.

If you?re not wanting any SAS output from a data step, how would you code the data statement to prevent SAS from producing a set?
13.

What is the one statement to set the criteria of data that can be coded in any step?
14.

Have you ever linked SAS code? If so, describe the link and any required statements used to either process the code or the step itself.
15.

How would you include common or reuse code to be processed along with your statements?
16.

When looking for data contained in a character string of 150 bytes, which function is the best to locate that data: scan, index, or indexc?
17.

If you have a data set that contains 100 variables, but you need only five of those, what is the code to force SAS to use only those variable?
18.

Code a PROC SORT on a data set containing State, District and County as the primary variables, along with several numeric variables.
19.

How would you delete duplicate observations?
20.

How would you delete observations with duplicate keys?
21.

How would you code a merge that will keep only the observations that have matches from both sets.
22.

How would you code a merge that will write the matches of both to one data set, the non-matches from the left-most data set to a second data set, and the non-matches of the right-most data set to a third data set.
23.

What is the Program Data Vector (PDV)? What are its functions?
24.

Does SAS ?Translate? (compile) or does it ?Interpret?? Explain.
25.

At compile time when a SAS data set is read, what items are created?
26.

Name statements that are recognized at compile time only?
27.

Identify statements whose placement in the DATA step is critical.
28.

Name statements that function at both compile and execution time.
29.

Name statements that are execution only.
30.

In the flow of DATA step processing, what is the first action in a typical DATA Step?
31.

What is _n_?

See more Latest and previous SAS Interview expert, common, basic, advanced questions asked in technical interviews for 2007, 2008 january, february, march, april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, december for leading IT Companies in India, USA, UK, Norway, China. Reputed MNCs testing job interview questions for Wipro, Infosys, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, Keane, Flextronics, Accenture, Cognizant, T Systems, SAP, Oracle, Texas Instruments, Quark, BPO, ITES companies, freshers and on campus interview held in delhi, mumbai, bangalore, chennai, madurai, noida, gurgaon, chandigarh, mohali, pune, hyderabad, etc. latest reasoning, multiple choice questions and most recently asked / important software testing interview, java, oracle, c, c++, networking, web designing, etc. questions. Keep Watching Previouspapers.blogspot.com for more stuff!

Core Companies 4 Electronics Communication Students IMP interview questions

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Hi,I am going to list some companies which are related to the core field of electronics and communication engineering. The B.tech students are always looking for companies in their core field and want to get jobs in the core companies. The various MNCs are listed here: You can post your resume to these companies or just look for them at the regular job sites like timesjobs, clickjobs, naukri or monster.I wish you good luck for your placement.The list on the site will be updated from time to time. You can bookmark the link. The field in which you can work:
Robotics
Mechatronics
Communications
IT
Microwave Research
Electronics Hardware Manufacturing
Chip and VLSI Design
Training Companies for ECE Students
Thermal Plants
Government Sector Jobs
All most all the manufacturing companies hire Electronics and communication engineering graduates for jobs specifically.
Now here is a tip. Just Google search for the "Field" and companies in india and you will get good information on google or yahoo. For example search for "thermal plants in india"Or search for "Chip Design Firms in India" Similarly u can find a lot of companies. I am listing some good ones. Keep watching. I will update.
Bharti Airtel Ltd.
Aircel
Idea
Spice
Vodafone
Virgin India
Tata Indicom
Reliance Infocomm
Connect Ping
Shyam Telecom Rajasthan
New Companies like Unitech, Videocon, etc. entering the telecom sector.
AT&T
Verizon India
Now other good companies are:
Texas Instruments - US Company
Nokia India - Finland
Siemens - German Company
Honeywell India - US
Wipro (dealing in Chip Design)
Cadence (chip design related)
Infosys
TCS
Samsung India, LG, Videocon, etc. (Manufacturing Consumer ELectronics Appliances and in Expansion Mode)

There are various Automotive R&D Companies in india. (Rely on google for all information. U just need the keywords)
Thermal Plants, Hydel Power Plants, Wind ones both in private and public sector are scattered everywhere in india.
Recent ones include Jaiprakash Associates, Reliance Power setting up big power projects, Tata power, Adani Power, Essar Power, etc.
There is no end. There will be good updates.. Just be confident and Work Hard! Trust GOD. Good luck! Also there are many good detailed solved IT companies and other placement papers here along with technical and hr interview questions. Check out for updates later..

GD Latest World Topics 2008 IMP interview questions

GD Preparation for 2008 - World Topics for Latest Group Discussion for Placement Papers / Interviews - World, Hot and Current Topics:
World Topics:
1. US war on iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment MAnagement.
5. Is China better than India in software.
6.Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM
7. BPOs in INDIA
8. Govt contribution to IT
9. will punch lines rule the Advt
10. premaritial sex
11. is china a threat to indian industry
12. india or west , which is the land of opportunities
13. water resources should be nationalised
14."BALANCE BETWEEN PROFESSIONALISM AND FAMILY"
15. Effect of cinema on Youth
16. Education in India compared to Foreign nations
17. Is it necessary to ban COCOCOLA in India.
18. What is the effect of movies on youth.(is it good or bad)
19. Are studies more benifitial in India or in Abroad.
20."UN's peace activities" and "America's war on Iraq".
21."Environment-Whose Responisibility".
22.Is China a threat to the indian software industry.
23.Role of UN in Peace keeping
24.War on Iraq
25.About Hockey being the primary game in India.
26.Can america occupy iraq
27.Cricket shud be banned or not.
28.IS CHINA A THREAT TO INDIA
29.Present state of Indian Cricket team.
30.Love marriage/Arranged marriage.
31.Advantages of Co-education.
Hot Topics:
1.How to deal with international terrorism.
2.Should we pursue our policy of dialogue with Pakistan?
3.Is peace and non-violence outdated concepts?
Current Topics:
1.A Unipolar World spells disaster for underdeveloped countries like India.
2.Is Globalisation Really Necessary?
3.What shall we do about our ever-increasing Population?
4.Corruption is the price we pay for Democracy.
5.Foreign Television Channels are destroying our culture.
6.What India needs is a Dictatorship.
7.With media publishing and telecasting trivia, censorship is the need of the hour.
8.Kaun Banega Krorepati is less about knowledge but more about money and personality.
9.Beauty contests degrade womanhood
10.The rise of regional blocs threatens independent nations like India
11.Six billion and one bronze!
12.Is dependence on computers a good thing?
13.Should the public sector be privatised?
14.China and India are similar nations with contrasting ways
15.Is India a Soft Nation?
16.Value based politics is the need of the hour
17.Religion should not be mixed with politics
18.How to deal with high oil prices
19.Our cricketers are not to blame for match fixing
20.Why cant we be world players in industry as we are in software?
21.Multinational corporations: Are they devils in disguise?
22.Should there be limits on artistic freedom (the controversy on Fire).
23.Should there be private universities?
24.Does banning fashion shows and New Year parties save our culture?

See more Latest and previous SAS Interview expert, common, basic, important, advanced questions asked in technical interviews for 2007, 2008 january, february, march, april, may, june, july, august, september, october, november, decemberfor leading IT Companies in India, USA, UK, Norway, China. Reputed MNCs testing job interview questions for Wipro, Infosys, TCS, Satyam Computers, HCL, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, Keane, Flextronics, Accenture, Cognizant, T Systems, SAP, Oracle, Texas Instruments, Quark, Patni Computer Systems, Mastek, BT, Dell, BPO, ITES companies, Software Companies. Freshers and on campus interview held in delhi, mumbai, bangalore, chennai, madurai, noida, gurgaon, chandigarh, mohali, pune, hyderabad, kolkata, thane, ahmedabad, etc. Recent, latest reasoning, multiple choice questions, verbal, non verbal, mathematics questions with solutions / solved / answer keys, booklet. GD topics for leading campus placement interview, placement drive, HR Interview Questions and answers, how to behave, Tips, preparation, most recently asked / important software testing interview, java, oracle, c, c++, networking, web designing, windows 2000, vista, etc. questions. Keep Watching Previouspapers.blogspot.com for more stuff!

GD Latest Political Topics 2008 IMP interview questions

GD Preparation for 2008 - Social, Management Topics, Economic Topics, Creative Topics for Latest Group Discussion for Placement Papers / Interviews :
1.Are Big Dams Necessary?
2.Films are corrupting the Indian Youth
3.A Gandhian State selling liquor is an anomaly
4.Bride burning and dowry may look bad, but are an integral part of India.
5.Our Culture is Decaying
6.We are not serious about saving Wildlife/Environment
7.The education system needs serious reforms
8.The impact of MTV on our psyche
9.Showing Violence and Crimes should not be allowed in films and on television.
10.Let us legalise gambling
Management Topics:
1.Is management an art or a science?
2.The Rush for MBA is really a rush for big money
3.Ethics in Business are just a passing fashion
4.The objective of Management is to maximise profits
5.Do professional managers have a chance in our family run businesses?
6.The Internet is an exercise in hype
7.Is an MBA necessary to succeed in life?
8.Family owned business vs professionally run businesses
9.Smaller businesses and start-ups have more scope for professional growth.
10.Dot com or doubt com?
Creative Topics:
1.The Wheel is Turning Round and Round
2.If I was the Finance Minister/Prime Minister
3.There is no right way to do a wrong thing
4.Group Task: How can we have Mount Everest in India?
5.Do Beauty and Brains Go Together?
6.When I woke up in the morning I saw?
7.A ship docked in harbour cannot face the storms
8.Up the Down Staircase
9.Just as we have smoke free zones, we should have child free zones
10.Marriage is a social trap
SOCIAL TOPICS:
1. The Internet chains have come on the wings of science and
technology but are no less restrictive for all that.
2. Secularism has become a tool to justify the wrongs done by the minorities.
3. Media is a mixed blessing/How ethical is media?
4. To fight AIDs, stop being coy about sex education.
5. What should India strive for- Westernization or modernization?
ECONOMIC TOPICS:
1. Developing countries need trade, not aid.
2. Why do we lag behind China?
3. Capitalism is a very flawed system but the others are so much worse.
4. Flexibility of labour laws is the key to attracting more Foreign Direct Investment.
5. Is the business of business only business?

GD Latest Topics for Placement 2008 IMP interview questions

GD Preparation for 2008 - More Political, Economic, Management and Global Topics for Latest Group Discussion for Placement Papers / Interviews :

POLITICAL TOPICS:
1. Reserving seats for women in Panchayat has not only been a farce but has distracted from developing a more genuine voice of women.
2. Have the nuclear tests of 1998 benefited or harmed India?
3. Voters, not, political parties are responsible for the criminalisation of politics.
4. The voters are required to be well informed and educated about their candidates so that they can elect the right aspirant by their own assessment.
5. India should go for the presidential form of democracy.
ECONOMIC TOPICS:
1. In our economic matters, there is an excessive tendency towards the thinking rather than doing.
2. Every cloud has a silver lining
3. Can the economy achieve an 8 percent growth rate?.
4. Is disinvestment really that good for India or is a rethink in order ?
5. Are co-operatives relevant in today's globalised environment?.
6. Foreign aid is a dangerous drug that can stimulate in small doses but become fatally addictive in larger doses.
7. Modern day sport in industrialised society is an industry, as anything else.
8. Government should clean its own hands before pointing finger at the private sector for corruption.
9. Is the NPA ordinance too harsh?
10. Reforms have to grow up.
11. The future lies with glocalisation .
12. Is the consumer really the king in India?.
13. Globalisation versus nationalism
14. Conditional access system for cable TV watchers: boon or bane?
15. If India is poorly governed, the reason is that we have designed our system of governance for protecting, if not encouraging, corruption?
16. Commercialisation of health care : Good or Bad ?
17. For globalisation to succeed in India people must be able to see what is in it for them
18. Is the US economy headed the Japanese economy way?
19. Economic freedom not old fashioned theories of development will lead to growth and prosperity
20. Markets left to themselves encourage greed.
21. For globalisation to succeed in India people must be able to see what is in it for them
22. Should businessmen run the finance ministry
23. Should important services like transport be left to market forces?.
24. Is there any point in having a business strategy when the world changes from month to month?
25. Is the patents bill good for India? .
26. Is the business of business only business?.
27. Globalisation is good for developing countries
28. Public sector being a guarantor of job security is a myth.
29. Is industryless growth here to stay ?
30. Capitalism is a very flawed system but the others are so much worse ?
31. How can business get rid of the bad name that it has earned?
32. Government pumping money into the economy is not the solution for our economic problems
33. Business ethics are no longer a luxury for corporates but a necessity?
34. How should privatisation proceeds be utilised ?
35. Is the budgeting exercise of any use?
36. Should agricultural subsidies be stopped ?
37. Will Mumbai's film industry ever evolve into a truly modern corporatised one?
38. Will market reforms enrich rich states further, while poorer ones lag further?.
39. Why do we lag behind China ?
40. Who says MNCs are superior to Indian companies ?.
41. Why not use a brand index to measure national prosperity?.
42. What we need to reduce scams is better regulatory bodies.
43. War rhetoric is misplaced in a country like India which is trying to globalise its economy.
44. Trade can help the poor ?
45. The power ministry should cut off supplies to all the defaulting SEBs.
46. Steal a few lakhs and you're a criminal. Steal a few hundred crores and you become an industrialist.
47. Should PSUs be divested through strategic sale or public offer?
48. The state is above the law?
Management Education Topics
1. Managerial skills learnt in the classroom can never match those learnt from experience
2. Democracy is hampering India progress
3. MBA in India is highly overrated.
4. Religion is a private affair and should be of no concern for the state
5. Decreasing defense expenditure and increasing social expenditure is the need of the hour
Global Topics:
1.Public sector is more a hindrance than help to promote socialism.
2.Economic betterment of the poorer nations is as important as disarmament to ensure lasting world peace.
3.From public sector to privatization as in the U.K., is the right answer for India's instant economic breakthrough.
4.The doctrine of "limited nuclear war" is an ill-convinced, ill- logical, irrational and extremely dangerous concept.
5.Some simple but effective electoral reforms will enable us to retain the present parliamentary system and ensure the preservation of democracy in India.
6.We must have only two national parties to contest parliamentary elections and regional parties should not be allowed to contest for the same.
7.We can increase our food production not only to match our population explosion but also for export provided we adopt modern, mechanized farming methods with large size land holdings.
8.Nuclear war cannot be won and should not be fought.
9.Private enterprise and not public sector will contribute to faster and higher economic growth in India.
10.Inflation is inevitable in our developing country.
11.The policy of reservation is a legacy of the British and it has done more harm than good.
12.Do you think MBAs are useful in the manufacturing / production department?
13.For a marketing post graduate, without prior work experience working in a big marketing firm is a disadvantage when compared with working in a small firm. Discuss.
14.Consumerism is destroying the social fabric of Indian culture.
15.Free market is a prerequisite for growth.
16.Cricket as a national obsession is a detriment to other sports.
17.To develop India has to empower women.
18.Formulate the government's health policy to control the spread of AIDS.
19.Advertising is a waste of resources.
20.Privatization will lead to less corruption.
21.State is the biggest violator of human rights.
22.There can never be a classless society.
23.Beauty pageants are a marketing gimmick.
24.Voting rights to illiterates in India is illogical because it is widely misused.
25.Joint family is a blessing in disguise.
26.Higher education should be made possible only for those who can pay for it.
27.The weaker sex is the weakness of the stronger sex.
28.Women cannot successfully combine both career and home.
29.Women are good managers.
30.Executive should be allowed to form unions.
31.Effect of liberalization on poverty.
32.Indians perform better as individuals rather than in groups.
33.Business and ethics go hand in hand, or do they?
34.Developing countries should spend more on development than on defense.
35.Political parties have outlived their utility.
36.Is Swadeshi relevant for India today?
37.Money is required to earn more money.
38.Foreign trade is necessary for any country to survive .
39.Presidential Vs Parliamentary form of government of India.
40.Technology: The Ism' Of The New Millennium?
41.Religion And Politics Should Not Mix
42.TRIPS Controversy And The Patent Act Amendment
43.Export Stagnation: Causes And Cures
44.Excessive Depiction Of Sex And Violence In Films
45.Classical Music Heritage And The Growing Pop- Culture
46.Decentralisation & The Panchayati Raj Institutions
47.Should India Sign The CTBT
48.State Interventions In Market Kind Or Mixed Economy
49.Science Is A Boon Or Bane
50.Is Swapping Terrorists For Hostages An Encouragement For Plane- Hijackers?
51.India and the political dynasties: The Nehru Family context
52.Nice Guys Finish Last
53.All Work And No Play Makes Jack A Dull Boy
54.Individual Freedom And Civil Society
55.Conventionalism And Modernity: The Ever going Debate
56.Should There Be A Restriction On Permissiveness Being propagated by The MTV Culture And Foreign Media?
57.Marxism And Its Future All Over The World
58.The Growing Menace Of Casteism And Regionalism
59.Presidential Form Of Government Is Needed In India
60.Bullet For Bullet: Is It The Right Policy?
61.Capitation Fees Should Be Abolished
62.Arranged Marriages Are Better Than The Love-Marriages
63.Brain-Drain Has To Be Stopped
64.Business And Ethics Can't / Don't Go Together
65.Are women As good as Men Or Inferior?
66.Nothing Succeeds Like Success
67.The Malthusian Economic Prophecy Is No Longer Relevant
68.Secessionism In The North-East: Who's To Blame?
69.Should India Break Diplomatic Ties With Pakistan?
70.Age and Youth: Experience And Young Talent
71.`East Is East & West Is Where All The Action Is': Mark Twain
72.Freedom Of _Expression And The State Authority.
73.Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished
74.Tuitions Should Be Banned
75.India Needs Gujral Doctrine For Better International Relations
76.Doctors' Accountability To Improve Health-Care
77.Universal Disarmament Is A Must
78.Indian Cricket Team Shouldn't Be Allowed To Play Abroad